Perkembangan Tren dan Kontradiksi Kebijakan Energi Baru Terbarukan di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v20i1.722Keywords:
Energi Terbarukan, Indonesia, Kebijakan Transisi Energi, Tren KebijakanAbstract
Ketahanan energi dan resiliensi terhadap perubahan iklim merupakan salah satu visi dan sasaran yang tercantum dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional (RPJPN) Indonesia. Salah satu elemen kunci untuk mewujudkan visi tersebut adalah melalui program transisi energi menuju penggunaan energi baru terbarukan (EBT). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan tren terkait kebijakan EBT di Indonesia selama periode 2019-2024 serta mengidentifikasi kontradiksi yang menghambat implementasi kebijakan transisi energi.Penelitian ini memanfaatkan metode secondary data analysis serta aplikasi Vosviewer untuk memetakan tren penelitian terkait EBT secara global dan nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kebijakan EBT di Indonesia berada pada langkah yang cukup progresif dengan target yang ambisius, namun pencapaiannya masih tertinggal dibandingkan negara-negara lain karena munculnya sejumlah kontradiksi dalam implementasi kebijakan. Indonesia masih memerlukan penguatan kerangka kebijakan, dukungan investasi dan pembiayaan yang memadai, serta peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia yang kompeten untuk mencapai target transisi EBT.
References
Akbar, I., Arisaktiwardhana, D., & Naomi, P. (2020). How Does Indonesian Scientific Production on Renewable Energy Successfully Support the Policy Design? A Journey Towards Sustainable Energy Transition. Problemy Ekorozwoju, 15(2), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.35784/pe.2020.2.05.
Ang, T.-Z., Salem, M., Kamarol, M., Das, H. S., Nazari, M. A., & Prabaharan, N. (2022). A Comprehensive Study of Renewable Energy Sources: Classifications, Challenges and Suggestions. Energy Strategy Reviews, 43, 100939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.100939.
Arsita, S. A., Saputro, G. E., & Susanto, S. (2021). Perkembangan Kebijakan Energi Nasional dan Energi Baru Terbarukan Indonesia. Jurnal Syntax Transformation, 2(12), 1779–1788. https://doi.org/10.46799/jst.v2i12.473.
Ayuningsih, A. N., Oktaviani, M. A., Chandra, A., Athyah, N., Manda M., P. D., Citra, Z., & Sulaiman, S. D. (2023). Ratifikasi Paris Agreement dan Pengaplikasian National Determined Contribution (NDC) Indonesia. JISIP UNJA (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik Universitas Jambi), 7(1), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.22437/jisipunja.v7i1.21859.
Bappenas. (2020). Bappenas Percepat Pembangunan Energi Baru Terbarukan. Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. Bappenas.Go.Id.
Baskoro, F. R., Takahashi, K., Morikawa, K., & Nagasawa, K. (2021). System Dynamics Approach in Determining Coal Utilization Scenario in Indonesia. Resources Policy, 73, 102209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102209.
BP Global. (2024). Bp Energy Outlook 2024 Edition. Bp.Com.
BPH Migas. (2024). Rapat Kerja BPH Migas 2024: Kesiapan BPH Migas Menyongsong RPJMN 2025-2029. bphmigas.go.id.
BPHN. (2014). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 79 Tahun 2014 tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional. bphn.go.id.
BPK. (2016). UU No. 16 Tahun 2016. peraturan.bpk.go.id.
Databoks. (2024). Bauran Energi Indonesia 2023, Batu Bara dan Minyak Mendominasi. databoks.katadata.co.id.
Di Vaio, A., Hassan, R., Chhabra, M., Arrigo, E., & Palladino, R. (2022). Sustainable Entrepreneurship Impact and Entrepreneurial Venture Life Cycle: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 378, 134469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134469.
Dirjen EBTKE. (2022). Presidensi G20 Capai Hasil Konkrit Dukung Transisi Energi Indonesia.
Endri, E., Hania, B. T., & Ma’ruf, A. (2022). Corporate Green Sukuk Issuance for Sustainable Financing in Indonesia. Environmental Economics, 13(1), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.13(1).2022.04.
Enerdata. (2024). Global Energy Trends & Projections. Enerdata
Fitriana, I., Hadiyanto, Warsito, B., Himawan, E., & Santosa, J. (2024). The Optimization of Power Generation Mix To Achieve Net Zero Emission Pathway in Indonesia Without Specific Time Target. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, 41, 5–19. https://doi.org/10.54337/ijsepm.8263.
Guo, L., & Ba, Y. (2020). Adopt or Not and Innovation Variation: A Dynamic Comparison Study of Policy Innovation and Diffusion Mechanisms. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 22(4), 298–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2019.1603603.
Hartanto, A. P. (2023). Kesiapan Transisi Energi Indonesia Belum Merata. https://www.jawapos.com/energi/2401160209/kesiapan-transisi-energi-indonesia-belum-merata#google_vignette.
Hassan, Q., Viktor, P., Al-Musawi, T. J., Ali, B. M., Algburi, S., Alzoubi, H. M., Al-Jiboory, A. K., Sameen, A. Z., Salman, H. M., & Jaszczur, M. (2024). The Renewable Energy Role in the Global Energy Transformations. Renewable Energy Focus, 48, 100545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100545.
Imawan, R., & Rehulina, R. (2023). Legal Aspects of Indonesia’s Obligation to Use Renewable Energy. Jambe Law Journal, 5(2), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.22437/jlj.5.2.229-249.
Indonesia 2045. (2024). Indonesia Emas 2045 Rancangan Akhir RPJPN 2025-2045.
Indonesia Transition Energy Outlook (IETO). (2024). Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook (IETO) 2024 Peaking Indonesia’s Energy Sector Emission by 2030. Indonesia Transition Energy Outlook
Isah, A., Dioha, M. O., Debnath, R., Abraham-Dukuma, M. C., & Butu, H. M. (2023). Financing Renewable Energy: Policy Insights from Brazil and Nigeria. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 13(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-022-00379-9.
Kalpikajati, S. Y., & Hermawan, S. (2022). Hambatan Penerapan Kebijakan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia. Batulis Civil Law Review, 3(2), 187-207. https://doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v3i2.1012.
Kementerian ESDM. (2019). Keputusan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 143 K/20/MEM/2019 tentang Rencana Umum Ketenagalistrikan Nasional Tahun 2019 Sampai dengan Tahun 2038. Kementerian ESDM.
Kementerian ESDM. (2021). Pemerintah Optimistis EBT 23% Tahun 2025 Tercapai. https://www.esdm.go.id/id/berita-unit/direktorat-jenderal-ketenagalistrikan/pemerintah-optimistis-ebt-23-tahun-2025-tercapai. Kementerian ESDM.
Kementerian ESDM. (2022). Urgensi Transisi Energi dalam Presidensi G20 Indonesia. https://www.esdm.go.id/id/media-center/arsip-berita/urgensi-transisi-energi-dalam-presidensi-g20-indonesia. Kementerian ESDM.
Kementerian Keuangan. (2022). Siaran Pers: Indonesia Luncurkan ETM Country Platform untuk Percepat Transisi Energi yang Adil dan Terjangkau. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/informasi-publik/publikasi/siaran-pers/Siaran-Pers-Indonesia-Luncurkan-ETM-Country. Kementerian Keuangan.
Kim, K., Park, H., & Kim, H. (2017). Real Options Analysis for Renewable Energy Investment Decisions in Developing Countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75, 918–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.073.
Kristia, K., & Rabbi, M. F. (2023). Exploring the Synergy of Renewable Energy in the Circular Economy Framework: A Bibliometric Study. Sustainability, 15(17), 13165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713165.
Kurbatova, T., & Perederii, T. (2020). Global Trends in Renewable Energy Development. IEEE KhPI Week on Advanced Technology, KhPI Week 2020 - Conference Proceedings, 260–263. https://doi.org/10.1109/KhPIWeek51551.2020.9250098.
Lahope, G. (2024). Implementasi Kebijakan Energi Nasional (Ken) Indonesia Menuju 23% Target Bauran Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) 2025. Jurnal Darma Agung, 32(1), 124–135.
Lestari, N., Keban, Y. T., Kusumasari, B., & Susanto, E. (2022). Conceptualization of Policy Adoption in Public Policy Areas. KnE Social Sciences, 7(1), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i5.10547.
Li, Z., Luan, R., & Lin, B. (2022). The Trend and Factors Affecting Renewable Energy Distribution and Disparity Across Countries. Energy, 254, 124265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124265.
Madsuha, A. F., Setiawan, E. A., Wibowo, N., Habiburrahman, M., Nurcahyo, R., & Sumaedi, S. (2021). Mapping 30 Years of Sustainability of Solar Energy Research in Developing Countries: Indonesia Case. Sustainability, 13(20), 11415. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011415.
Nurhayati, Y., Ifrani, Said, M. Y., & Yanova, M. H. (2024). Carbon Pricing Policy to Support Net Zero Emission: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, Finland and Sweden. Environmental Policy and Law, 54(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.3233/EPL-230047.
Prasetiyo, A., Suarez, I., Parapat, J., Amali, Z. (2023). Ambiguitas Versus Ambisi : Tinjauan Kebijakan Transisi Energi Indonesia. https://energyandcleanair.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/CREA_Trend-Asia_ID_Ambiguitas-versus-Ambisi.pdf.
Prihandono, I., & Widiati, E. P. (2023). Regulatory Capture in Energy Sector: Evidence from Indonesia. The Theory and Practice of Legislation, 11(3), 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/20508840.2023.2248837.
Putri, D. L., & Dzulfaroh, A. N. (2024) Alasan Pemerintah Lanjutkan Program Bagi-bagi Kompor Listrik untuk Warga Mampu. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2024/01/18/113000365/alasan-pemerintah-lanjutkan-program-bagi-bagi-kompor-listrik-untuk-warga?page=all.
Renewable Energy Indonesia (REI). (2024). Kebijakan Energi Terbarukan. https://renewableenergy.id/kebijakan-energi-terbarukan/.
Schwenkenbecher, A., & Brueckner, M. (2022). How Shifting to Renewable Energies Is Morally Mandatory. In book: Routledge Companion to Environmental Ethics. Routledge.
Sen, S., & Ganguly, S. (2017). Opportunities, Barriers and Issues with renewable Energy Development A Discussion. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69(1), 1170–1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.137.
Setiawan, V. N. (2023). RUU EBT Tak Kunjung Tuntas, Ternyata Ini Ganjalannya. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20231027140959-4-484265/ruu-ebt-tak-kunjung-tuntas-ternyata-ini-ganjalannya.
Setiawan, V. N. (2024). Pemerintah Ubah Kebijakan Energi Nasional (KEN), Ini Poin Pentingnya. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20240708170859-4-552777/pemerintah-ubah-kebijakan-energi-nasional--ken--ini-poin-pentingnya.
Sharma, A. (2024). Current Trends and Future Directions in Renewable Energy Systems. International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar, 15(2), 186-198.
Sihombing, G. (2020). Transformator Energi, Potensi dan Pengujian Model Energi. Jurnal Syntax Transformation, 1(9), 612-618.
Situs Energi. (2018). Marwan Batubara: Pemerintah Terkesan Memaksa Biodiesel Kandungan 30 persen. Situs Energi. https://situsenergi.com/marwan-batubara-pemerintah-terkesan-memaksa-biodiesel-kandungan-30persen/.
Squevin, P., Aubin, D., Montpetit, É., & Moyson, S. (2021). Closer than they Look At First Glance: A Systematic Review and A Research Agenda Regarding Measurement Practices for Policy Learning. International Review of Public Policy, 3(3:2), 146-171.
Supriyanto, E., Sentanuhady, J., Hasan, W. H., Nugraha, A. D., & Muflikhun, M. A. (2022). Policy and Strategies of Tariff Incentives Related to Renewable Energy: Comparison between Indonesia and Other Developing and Developed Countries. Sustainability, 14(20), 13442. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013442.
Suroso, D. S. A., Setiawan, B., Pradono, P., Iskandar, Z. S., & Hastari, M. A. (2022). Revisiting the Role of International Climate Finance (Icf) Towards Achieving The Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Target: A Case Study of the Indonesian Energy Sector. Environmental Science & Policy, 131, 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.01.022.
Surya, B., Muhibuddin, A., Suriani, S., Rasyidi, E. S., Baharuddin, Fitriyah, A. T., & Abubakar, H. (2021). Economic Evaluation, Use of Renewable Energy, and Sustainable Urban Development Mamminasata Metropolitan, Indonesia. Sustainability, 13(3), 1165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031165.
Sunddararaj, S. P., Jayakiruthika, S. B., Dharanisree, D., & Logeshwaran, V. (2023). Novel Single Switch DC to DC Converter for PV Applications. In 2023 9th International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES). IEEE.
Syahni, D. (2019). Kembangkan Energi Terbarukan, Begini Masukan buat Pemerintahan Jokowi Jilid II. Mongabay. https://www.mongabay.co.id/2019/09/05/kembangkan-energi-terbarukan-begini-masukan-buat-pemerintahan-jokowi-jilid-ii/.
Wuryandani, D. (2024). Peningkatan Produksi Batu Bara di Tengah Upaya Pencapaian Target NZE 2060. https://berkas.dpr.go.id/pusaka/files/isu_sepekan/Isu%20Sepekan---III-PUSLIT-Maret-2024-206.pdf.
Xu, X., Wei, Z., Ji, Q., Wang, C., & Gao, G. (2019). Global Renewable Energy Development: Influencing Factors, Trend Predictions and Countermeasures. Resources Policy, 63, 101470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101470.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Lintang Sekar Jagad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
